Secure Routing Protocol for WSNs Using Bacterial Foraging Optimization and Improved RC4
Abstract
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have recently received important sponsorship in various fields, such as medical treatment, emergency response, environmental monitoring, military monitoring, outer space research, etc. Sensor nodes are usually limited in capabilities, including batteries. These networks can handle critical data in hostile and uncontrolled environments. Sensor nodes are deployed in harsh, hazardous, or hard-to-reach environments, making it difficult to replace or recharge these batteries, so it is important to consider the security and energy consumption issues when designing such networks. Therefore, this paper proposed a new secure and energy-efficient routing protocol called Improved RC4 with Bacterial Foraging Optimization Routing Protocol (IRC4-BFORP) for WSNs. IRC4 has represented the improvement of RC4 to make the original algorithm safer and faster. The IRC4 is used to secure the sensing data sensed by the sensors before sending it to the sink. To demonstrate the effectiveness of IRC4 over the original algorithm, some numerical analyses are achieved. The results have shown that IRC4 is more secure than the original algorithm. Also, the BFORP has proposed to send the secure sensing data to the sink by selecting the preferred nodes in the transmission paths. The simulation results prove the effectiveness of the BFORP in reducing energy use and reducing delays on the one hand, compared with the well-known protocols that are used in routing.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
I. S. Alshawi, L. Yan, W. Pan, and B. Luo, "Lifetime enhancement in wireless sensor networks using fuzzy approach and A-star algorithm," IEEE Sensors journal, vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 3010-3018, 2012.
A. S. Rostami, M. Badkoobe, F. Mohanna, A. A. R. Hosseinabadi, and A. K. Sangaiah, "Survey on clustering in heterogeneous and homogeneous wireless sensor networks," The Journal of Supercomputing, vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 277-323, 2018.
I. Alshawi, L. Yan, W. Pan, and B. Luo, "Fuzzy chessboard clustering and artificial bee colony routing method for energy‐efficient heterogeneous wireless sensor networks," International Journal of Communication Systems, vol. 27, no. 12, pp. 3581-3599, 2014.
J. Zheng and A. Jamalipour, Wireless sensor networks: a networking perspective. John Wiley & Sons, 2009.
C. N. Zhang and Q. Yu, "An RC4 based Light Weight Secure Protocol for Sensor Networks," in Wireless and Optical Communications, 2006.
I. Mantin, "Analysis of the stream cipher RC4," Master's Thesis, The Weizmann Institute of Science, 2001.
R. Venugopalan, P. Ganesan, P. Peddabachagari, A. Dean, F. Mueller, and M. Sichitiu, "Encryption overhead in embedded systems and sensor network nodes: Modeling and analysis," in Proceedings of the 2003 international conference on Compilers, architecture and synthesis for embedded systems, 2003, pp. 188-197.
M. D. Aljubaily and I. S. Alshawi, "Energy sink-holes avoidance method based on fuzzy system in wireless sensor networks," International Journal of Electrical & Computer Engineering (2088-8708), vol. 12, no. 2, 2022.
U. Mahadevaswamy, "Energy efficient routing in wireless sensor network based on mobile sink guided by stochastic hill climbing," International Journal of Electrical & Computer Engineering (2088-8708), vol. 10, no. 6, 2020.
M.-J. Tsai, H.-Y. Yang, and W.-Q. Huang, "Axis-based virtual coordinate assignment protocol and delivery-guaranteed routing protocol in wireless sensor networks," in IEEE INFOCOM 2007-26th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications, 2007: IEEE, pp. 2234-2242.
C. Wu, R. Yuan, and H. Zhou, "A novel load balanced and lifetime maximization routing protocol in wireless sensor networks," in VTC Spring 2008-IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, 2008: IEEE, pp. 113-117.
I. Daanoune, A. Baghdad, and A. Ballouk, "An enhanced energy-efficient routing protocol for wireless sensor network," International Journal of Electrical & Computer Engineering (2088-8708), vol. 10, no. 5, 2020.
I. S. Alshawi and I. O. Alalewi, "Lifetime optimization in wireless sensor networks using FDstar-lite routing algorithm," International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security, vol. 14, no. 3, p. 46, 2016.
S. Savitha, S. Lingareddy, and S. Chitnis, "Energy efficient clustering and routing optimization model for maximizing lifetime of wireless sensor network," International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, vol. 10, no. 5, p. 4798, 2020.
C. Karlof, N. Sastry, and D. Wagner, "TinySec: a link layer security architecture for wireless sensor networks," in Proceedings of the 2nd international conference on Embedded networked sensor systems, 2004, pp. 162-175.
Z. Alliance, "Zigbee specification version 1.0," ed: April, 2005.
N. Masuda, G. Jakimoski, K. Aihara, and L. Kocarev, "Chaotic block ciphers: from theory to practical algorithms," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 53, no. 6, pp. 1341-1352, 2006.
M. Luk, G. Mezzour, A. Perrig, and V. Gligor, "MiniSec: a secure sensor network communication architecture," in 2007 6th International Symposium on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, 2007: IEEE, pp. 479-488.
J. Liu, "One-way Hash function based on integer coupled tent maps and its performance analysis," Journal of Computer Research and Development, vol. 45, no. 3, p. 563, 2008.
N. Singhal and J. Raina, "Comparative analysis of AES and RC4 algorithms for better utilization," International Journal of Computer Trends and Technology, vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 177-181, 2011.
T. Wang, X. Qin, and L. Liu, "An energy-efficient and scalable secure data aggregation for wireless sensor networks," International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, vol. 9, no. 12, p. 843485, 2013.
X. Yao, Z. Chen, and Y. Tian, "A lightweight attribute-based encryption scheme for the Internet of Things," Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 49, pp. 104-112, 2015.
C.-H. Liu and Y.-F. Chung, "Secure user authentication scheme for wireless healthcare sensor networks," Computers & Electrical Engineering, vol. 59, pp. 250-261, 2017.
M. Rathee, S. Kumar, A. H. Gandomi, K. Dilip, B. Balusamy, and R. Patan, "Ant colony optimization based quality of service aware energy balancing secure routing algorithm for wireless sensor networks," IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 170-182, 2019.
K. Haseeb, K. M. Almustafa, Z. Jan, T. Saba, and U. Tariq, "Secure and energy-aware heuristic routing protocol for wireless sensor network," IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 163962-163974, 2020.
E. Dawson, A. Clark, H. Gustafson, and L. May, "CRYPT-X’98,(Java Version) User Manual," Queensland University of Technology, 1999.
S. Lindsey, C. Raghavendra, and K. M. Sivalingam, "Data gathering algorithms in sensor networks using energy metrics," IEEE Transactions on parallel and distributed systems, vol. 13, no. 9, pp. 924-935, 2002.
W. R. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan, and H. Balakrishnan, "Energy-efficient communication protocol for wireless microsensor networks," in Proceedings of the 33rd annual Hawaii international conference on system sciences, 2000: IEEE, p. 10 pp. vol. 2.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v46i8.4277
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.