Blur Invariant Features For Exposing Region Duplication Forgery Using ANMS And Local Phase Quantization

Abstract

In digital image forensics, local interest points can be employed to faithfully detect region duplication forgery. Authentic images may be abused by copy-move forgery to fully contained duplicated regions such as objects. Recent existing local interest point forgery detection methods fail to detect this type of forgery in the retouched regions by some geometric transformations. To solve this challenge, local interest points should be detected which cover all the regions with high primitives like corners and edges. These primitives represent the internal structure of any object in the image which makes them have a discriminating property under geometric transformations such as scale and rotation operation. They can be exposed based on Scale-Invariant Features Transform (SIFT) algorithm. Here, we provide an image forgery detection technique by using local interest points. First, the image is segmented based on fuzzy C means to divide the image into homogenous regions that have the same texture. Second, local interest points are exposed by extracting Adaptive non-maximal suppression (ANMS) from dividing blocks in the segmented image to detect such corners of objects. We also demonstrate that ANMS Keypoints can be effectively utilized to detect blurred and scaled forged regions. The ANMS features of the image are shown to exhibit the internal structure of copy moved region. We provide a new texture descriptor called local phase Quantization (LPQ) that is robust to image blurring and also to eliminate the false positives of duplicated regions. Experimental results show that our scheme has the ability to reveal region duplication forgeries under scaling, rotation and blur manipulation of JPEG images on MICC-F220 and CASIA v. 2 Image Datasets