Breast Cancer Classification Using Densenet121 And K-Means Segmentation With Augmented Data

Akinbowale Nathaniel Babatunde, Bukola Fatimah Balogun, Sunday Adeola Ajagbe, Edidiong Elijah Akpan, Roseline Oluwaseun Ogundokun, Precious Ikpemhinogena Ogie, Salman Olatunji Isiaka, Pragasen Mudali

Abstract


Breast cancer remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating improved diagnostic approaches for early detection and treatment. This study presents an optimized deep learning framework that integrates DenseNet121 with K-Means clustering for enhanced segmentation and feature extraction in breast cancer histopathology images. The BreakHis dataset, comprising 7,909 images at varying magnifications (40×, 100×, 200×, and 400×), was employed for model training and evaluation. Image preprocessing involved histogram equalization and augmentation techniques, including rotation and contrast adjustment, to enhance model robustness. The DenseNet121 model was fine-tuned using transfer learning with pre-trained ImageNet weights, and hyperparameters were optimized to improve classification performance. The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 95.21%, surpassing conventional architectures such as ResNet50 (92.4%) and Xception (88.08%). Additionally, an external validation on the BACH dataset demonstrated an accuracy of 92.10%, reinforcing the model's generalizability. Comparative analysis and ablation studies confirmed the significance of K-Means clustering in improving classification outcomes. Future research will focus on multimodal imaging techniques and Explainable AI (XAI) to enhance interpretability and clinical applicability.


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.31449/inf.v49i27.8332

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